The scientific justification and practice of surgical methods of correction of congenital cleft lip and palate are widely presented in the specialized literature concerning various types of lesions of the maxillofacial region [7, 13, 20, 21, 23-25]. At the same time, the results of international and domestic experience and scientific research on these issues contribute to the development and implementation of new methods for correcting facial and jaw deformities, continuous improvement of surgical and rehabilitation techniques, the application of innovations in the pediatric healthcare system itself and the accumulation of experience in specialized areas of practice [1, 4, 17 , 19, 20, 23, 24]. In addition, the use of "additional materials" - types of implants (for example, plastic, biologically inert metal), which are surgically implanted into the destroyed structures of the maxillofacial region and meet the requirements of safety, indifference to surrounding tissues, targeted regeneration and the formation of adequate support for the restoration of the upper jaw, including using existing "classic" techniques, detailed and updated. classic" techniques, detailed and updated [5, 6, 8, 9, 15]. In most cases, the use of new surgical techniques of zygoplasty and ureteroplasty requires comprehensive medical and rehabilitation measures with the participation of highly qualified specialists of various profiles, however, it should be emphasized that the main stage of the algorithm of comprehensive care is the operation must be performed [7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 21]. In parallel, the authors of scientific research note that surgical methods for eliminating congenital clefts of the face and palate are constantly developing and becoming more rational: multi-stage surgical interventions are excluded, and the restoration of maxillofacial structures is achieved by two to three years of a child's life [2, 3, 7, 11].

The existing professional training programs for a future teacher are not fully focused on the subjective personal experience of students, are not addressed to their initial ideas about pedagogical activity, and do not take into account the students' own experience. Subjective experience in the learning process is constantly transformed, modified according to the accumulative principle.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the concept that businesses should operate in ways that enhance society and the environment, beyond seeking profits. CSR can significantly impact a brand's image, affecting customer loyalty, market competitiveness, employee satisfaction, investment attractiveness, risk management, long-term growth, and customer engagement. Companies that prioritize socially responsible practices can enhance their reputation, differentiate themselves from competitors, attract and retain talent, and foster sustainable business growth.

Currently, the forecast of the development of pathology is an important part of all branches of healthcare. [3,4,5]. However, despite the importance and scientific and practical significance of forecasting in dentistry, at present we have not found information about predictive models of individual risk of developing periodontitis in patients with hypertension.

In this article, the author talks about the importance of expenses in criminal proceedings, their application, and the procedure for recovery of costs. A number of proposals and recommendations have also been developed.

This paper delves into the pivotal role of motivation in enhancing employee performance within organizational settings. It explores various motivational theories and strategies, highlighting their effectiveness in driving employee engagement, productivity, and overall organizational success. By understanding the intricacies of motivation, organizations can implement tailored approaches to empower their workforce and foster a culture of continuous improvement. Through empirical evidence and case studies, this paper underscores the significance of motivation as a catalyst for achieving peak performance and sustainable growth.

This article discusses the literary works of Uzbek and world children's literature writers and the literary genres that inspire children to think.

The integration of innovative technologies and startup projects into the teaching of physics has revolutionized the way students learn and engage with the subject. This approach not only enhances the learning experience but also prepares students for the challenges of the 21st century. In this article, we will explore the methods of using innovative technologies and startup projects in teaching physics, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and potential applications.

In the case of unfavorable anatomical conditions on the part of prosthetic tissues (sharp bone protrusions, exostoses, a sharp ridge of the inner oblique line, an unyielding mucous membrane, etc.), the manufacture of removable prostheses with an elastic plastic lining is shown. The lining can be applied to the entire base or to certain areas of it. The bases of removable prostheses, consisting of two basic materials, are commonly called two-layer. Elastic polymer materials are used to make the lining in prostheses with a two-layer base. Modern elastic materials for double-layer bases of prostheses are divided by chemical composition into acrylic, silicone, fluoro-rubber, PVC and polyurethane. Depending on the nature of the initiation of the polymerization reaction, elastic materials of cold polymerization (self-hardening) and hot polymerization are isolated.

According to the Ministry of Health for 2022, we registered 932.2 thousand births, which is the highest figure since independence. The total fertility rate (number of births per 1,000 inhabitants) was 26.2 – in 2022, which falls into the category of countries with a “moderately high” fertility rate. The purpose of the study was to assess the condition of the postoperative scar in women who underwent cesarean section. The study is based on a clinical and laboratory examination of 103 women of reproductive age with a history of one uterine scar, who was under observation in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the multidisciplinary clinic of Samarkand State Medical University for the period from 2020 to 2022. Thus, it can be noted that there is an improvement in the concentration of type XXVI collagen in postpartum women who have undergone a full course of rehabilitation measures after childbirth, which, in turn, indicates a better restoration of damage to the genital organs, including the condition of the scar.

The major dental diseases, dental caries and chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, belong to infectious diseases in their pathogenesis, and their development and progression are due to a disruption of the host-microbe system balance. There is much evidence that when the normal composition of the oral microbiota is compromised and the content of conditioned or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms increases quantitatively or qualitatively, the severity of dental pathological processes increases, the effectiveness of dental treatment decreases, and the predisposition to disease relapse increases.

This study explores avenues to bolster private sector development in Uzbekistan, examining the potential strategies and their implications for the country's economic growth and diversification. Through a comprehensive review of literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, the research aims to identify key challenges and opportunities facing the private sector in Uzbekistan and propose effective policy measures to foster its growth. The study considers various factors influencing private sector development, including regulatory frameworks, access to finance, infrastructure, entrepreneurship ecosystem, and institutional reforms. Additionally, the research analyzes the role of international cooperation and investment in supporting private sector growth and enhancing Uzbekistan's competitiveness in the global market. By shedding light on the dynamics of private sector development, this study seeks to provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders involved in shaping Uzbekistan's economic trajectory.

This article explores the intricate dynamics of investment processes within the framework of globalization and economic integration. It examines the influences of increased capital flows, regulatory convergence, technological transfer, and the impact on labor markets. The article also addresses the challenges faced by economies, including vulnerability to economic shocks and potential social backlashes against uneven benefits distribution. The role of multinational corporations and the growing importance of Environmental and Social Governance (ESG) in investment decisions are highlighted as key factors shaping the future of global investments.

This comprehensive article delves into the cultural expressions surrounding the concept of age, as depicted through proverbs and sayings in both English and Uzbek traditions. The analysis begins by acknowledging the multifaceted nature of age, covering biological, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions. It underscores the role of proverbs as linguistic reflections of cultural values, offering insights into societal attitudes towards age, wisdom, and the passage of time. The article underscores the importance of proverbs as cultural artifacts that encapsulate shared wisdom, offering a lens into the collective consciousness of societies as they navigate the complexities of age and its symbolic significance.

Appearance is one of the major concerns for those seeking orthodontic treatment. The face is the part of the body that makes the most impression in terms of physical attractiveness. Individuals with maxillofacial abnormalities are particularly susceptible to negative reactions from others, leading to low self-confidence and low self-esteem. Malocclusion also affects the functioning of the dental system.

The paper defines the ways and peculiarities of word formation in modern German language. The paper deals with one of the ways of enriching the verb vocabulary in the modern German language, in particular wordbuilding. In the result of the analysis of the language material, the most productive models and means of the word-building of the verbs are emphasized including word-building models borrowed from other languages. The vocabulary of the language, being a system, is in constant motion. The functioning of language is associated with the disappearance of certain words, with the emergence of new ones, with the change in the meaning or stylistic status of words. Each of the ways of developing the vocabulary of the German language has its own characteristics. The paper draws attention to these features. The paper describes verbal neoplasms not registered in dictionaries until the middle of the 20th century, selected from the texts of the German newspapers “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, “Frankfurter Allgemeine”, “Der Spiegel”, “Joe”, “Alles für die Frau”, “GEO” and others. The study considers the linguistic material of some dictionaries published in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, including dictionaries of colloquial youth vocabulary. So, the main idea of this article is to highlight the peculiarities of word formation in German linguistics through the history.

Congenital cleft lip, alveolar process and cleft palate are among the most difficult deformities of the maxillofacial region, the number of children with such deformities is 1 per 1000 newborns and continues to grow [3, 4, 13, 18]. Treatment and rehabilitation of such patients is an urgent problem due to abnormal facial development and secondary deformities, speech and chewing disorders, a long recovery period and the need for social adaptation of the child [8].

The relevance of this article is related to the ongoing demand for translators of historical texts. Since the dawn of writing, there has been a demand for translations of various chronicles, scrolls and manifestos. A similar situation persists to this day, only now the popular history genre is gaining more and more popularity. A historian, like a writer, can recreate events and the face of the past, although this scientific recreation differs from the artistic one. Based on historical data, the writer at the same time always takes the path of creative fiction, without which art is impossible, and the historian depicts only what was, historically based facts. An informative historical text does not tolerate fiction, yet it is an excellent source for gaining knowledge and learning about history.

According to WHO, the highest prevalence of partial adentia is observed at the age of 37 to 46 years, while 12.8% of the adult population of this age has complete adentia. Restoring the integrity of the dentition helps to improve the function of chewing, aesthetics and speech, as well as the quality of life of patients. In Kennedy grades I and II, treatment is most often carried out with the manufacture of partial removable dentures.

This article is aimed at determining the level of awareness of new technologies, their activities and programs in language classrooms in our country. The methods are discussed and compared to each other to reach a common opinion. This article is devoted to the high-level application of methods used in English language classes.

Megaureter is a severe pathology of the urinary system. According to the World Health Organization, according to the number and structure of diseases, malformations of the urinary system organs in children occupy one of the leading places among pathologies of all organs and systems. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic methods for correcting megaurethritis in children. The study presents the results of treatment of 116 patients with refluxing and obstructive megaureter on the basis of the Department of Pediatric Surgery No. 2 Samara State Medical University for the period from 2010 to 2022. The results of the examination revealed that the urodynamic characteristics of positive results after endoscopic correction of megaureter in a period of 3-6 months indicated a clear depending on the treatment results from the method of forming a bolus in the area of the ureterovesical segment: for mild severity, the STING method was effective, for moderate severity - HITI, and for severe severity - HITII.

The article examines ancient Russian literature. Old Russian literature - Russian literature in the period from the 11th to the 17th centuries. As of the beginning of the 19th century, ancient Russian literature was poorly studied, despite the fact that they were studied by the largest representatives of academic science.

Tourism pricing strategies are vital for businesses in the travel and hospitality sector to maximize revenue, attract and retain customers, and stay competitive. These strategies range from value-based pricing, which relies on the perceived value to the customer, to dynamic pricing, adjusting costs in real-time based on market demand. Other approaches include discount pricing for off-peak periods, package deals offering combined services, psychological pricing to make costs seem more attractive, penetration pricing to quickly gain market share, premium pricing for exclusive experiences, seasonal adjustments, cost-plus pricing to cover expenses and ensure profit, and geographical pricing to account for regional economic differences. Each strategy has its unique implications and is chosen based on the business’s goals, market conditions, and customer preferences.

There is an increased probability of the coexistence of cardiovascular diseases in dental clinic clients, especially in the older group, which is associated with the dominance of diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease in the general morbidity structure of the population. A key feature of managing the treatment of this category of patients is the increased risk of sudden development of emergency conditions against the background of dental procedures, even if the initial condition of the patient seemed satisfactory. Such patients are also at increased risk of specific dental complications, such as bleeding, which can be caused by both a sudden increase in blood pressure and prolonged use of anticoagulants or disaggregants. Modern clinical guidelines, based on data from major international studies and regularly updated, play an important role in ensuring that dentists prevent cardiovascular emergencies and provide the necessary first aid, which helps to minimize the negative consequences of such acute clinical episodes.

This article examines the profound impact of financial technology (fintech) on traditional banking systems. It discusses how fintech has increased competition, enhancing customer experiences and operational efficiencies while forcing traditional banks to innovate and adapt. The analysis covers the shift in business models facilitated by technologies like blockchain and APIs, improving access to financial services for underserved populations, and refining risk management practices. It also highlights the regulatory challenges introduced by rapid technological advancements. The article concludes by acknowledging the opportunities and challenges for traditional banks as they integrate fintech solutions to remain competitive in the evolving financial landscape.

Surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists have refined the classification of tumors and tumor-like formations in the maxillofacial region over the years in order to develop uniform treatment protocols. Classification of tumors by origin and histologic criteria is accepted worldwide. However, it is not easy to trace the origin of all variants of tumors and tumor-like projections in odontogenic tissues.

This paper aims to investigate strategies for enhancing the creation and development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Uzbekistan. SMEs play a vital role in fostering economic growth, generating employment opportunities, and promoting innovation. Despite their potential contributions, SMEs in Uzbekistan face numerous challenges that hinder their establishment and growth. This study seeks to identify these challenges and propose effective measures to overcome them, thereby fostering a conducive environment for SME development. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current state of SMEs in Uzbekistan and an exploration of successful strategies employed in other countries, this paper provides valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, government officials, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders interested in promoting SME growth and entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan.

The demand for housing finance products has surged as rapid urbanization and population growth drive the need for affordable housing solutions. In response, banks have become pivotal players in facilitating housing development through innovative marketing strategies. This paper explores the diverse marketing approaches employed by banks to accelerate housing development, focusing on strategies such as targeted advertising, personalized financial products, and community engagement initiatives. By analyzing case studies and industry insights, we uncover the key drivers and challenges in marketing housing finance products and highlight best practices for banks seeking to catalyze housing development initiatives.

The objectives of this study are to investigate the perceptions of the secondary homeschooling students on the use of the communicative approach (CLT) in their reading classrooms and to find out to what extent CLT contributes to the development of ESL learners’ reading skill. Four procedures were employed for data collection which included Pre-test and Post-Test, Classroom Observation, Questionnaire and Structured Interview. In general, the results in the Experimental Group showed that there was significant improvement among the learners between pre and post-test scores. Therefore, we can conclude that there was a significant improvement in scores between pre-test to post-test scores. Most secondary homeschooling students are enthusiastic and positive about the communicative approach in their ESL reading classrooms, whereby they learn more vocabulary through group discussions and improve their reading comprehension when exchanging ideas and opinions. Responses and attitude were very positive and strongly agreed with the use of CLT for improving their reading skills as the CLT approach has changed the reading class atmosphere to be better than before. Therefore, the homeschooling students felt pretty cheerful, comfortable and excited during the learning process of reading using CLT activities. Besides that, both homeschooling teachers tend to have a clear, positive and supportive attitudes and perceptions toward CLT. They strongly agreed that CLT is an effective and useful teaching method to accommodate the demands of the time as this method put high emphasis on the interpersonal skill, stimulate the students to communicate their enthusiasm as well as stimulate their interest in their language learning process. Moreover, this approach is advantageous and favourable as the approach is to involve every student in the communicative activities and places high emphasis on communication which highly encouraged the students to communicate and interact with each other as well as stimulate their interest in English learning and developing their learner autonomy.

Titanium is one of the most promising structural materials used in the manufacture of implants in orthopedics and dentistry. This material is characterized by low density, low modulus of elasticity, good formability, hardness similar to tooth enamel, biocompatibility with living tissues, and corrosion resistance in biological media.

A famous Turkmen poet and thinker, a talented person who made a great contribution to the development of Turkmen literature and culture. He was born in 1733 in the family of the poet Azodiy Davlatmamat, and received his primary education at the village school. Then, in order to improve his knowledge, he studied in Khiva, Bukhara and Andijan madrasas, and got acquainted with the works of the past representatives of Uzbek literature.

Intensive language study programs have become increasingly popular among individuals seeking to master a foreign language quickly. While these programs offer accelerated learning opportunities, they also present unique challenges that can hinder progress and motivation. This article examines the common problems encountered during intensive language study, such as time constraints, cognitive overload, maintaining motivation, and cultural barriers. Practical solutions to overcome these challenges are explored, including effective time management, active learning strategies, motivational techniques, and cultural immersion. Additionally, the article highlights the benefits of intensive language study, such as rapid progress, improved cognitive skills, and enhanced career opportunities. By understanding and addressing these challenges, learners can optimize their intensive language study experience and achieve successful language acquisition.

Teaching is an art. Every single teacher they must have their own way to teach their students. The writer belief that the belief of teacher according good teaching-learning process must be different one to other. Seems like a same method being used by different teacher perhaps the result will not same or perhaps will be really different.

More than 100 years ago, a link was discovered between oral infections, tooth extractions, and cardiovascular disease (infective endocarditis) [1], and by the mid-20th century the practice of routinely prescribing antibiotics to prevent endocarditis prior to invasive dental procedures appeared [2]. In the last two decades, oral infections have again been considered a cause of systemic disease, with particular attention focused on their association with periodontal disease (PO) and atherosclerotic vascular disease (AZS) [3, 4].

The functioning of language is associated with the disappearance of certain words, with the emergence of new ones, with the change in the meaning or stylistic status of words. Each of the ways of developing the vocabulary of the German language has its own characteristics. The paper draws attention to these features. The paper describes verbal neoplasms not registered in dictionaries until the middle of the 20th century, selected from the texts of the German newspapers “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, “Frankfurter Allgemeine”, “Der Spiegel”, “Joe”, “Alles für die Frau”, “GEO” and others. The study considers the linguistic material of some dictionaries published in the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, including dictionaries of colloquial youth vocabulary. So, the main idea of this article is to highlight the peculiarities of word formation in German linguistics through the history.