The precedent phenomenon is estimated as a productive source for creating the language game in the headlines of political media discourse. Headlines based on a language game draw the attention of the reader more quickly. There are often used precedent phenomena, understood as culturally loaded signs, known to a major part of the representatives of the same national community. That is a precedent phenomenon that may serve multiple purposes. We have focused on its effect applied in the headings. The coincidence of the background knowledge of the author and the reader contributes to the hidden influence on the images of politicians formed in the mind of the reader. 

Local anesthesia has undergone significant advancements, enhancing patient comfort and procedural efficacy in therapeutic settings. This article reviews contemporary techniques and technologies in local anesthesia, focusing on their applications, effectiveness, and patient outcomes. Key innovations, including computer-controlled delivery systems, ultrasound guidance, and novel anesthetic agents, are discussed. The article concludes with an assessment of current trends and future directions in local anesthetic practices.

The Iraqi economy is one of the prominent rentier economies, as it depends largely on oil sector revenues as a major source of hard currency. This has resulted in a set of impacts on the general economy, as the growth of public revenues in the federal budget of the state and the gross domestic product depends on the fluctuations of crude oil prices in the global market, which in turn affects oil revenues. In addition, these fluctuations directly affect the management of public spending by the state, making it difficult to reduce it. There is still an ongoing debate about the causes and motives of these fluctuations. Accordingly, the Iraqi government faces great difficulties in preparing the state's general budget, if there is a decrease in oil revenues. Hence, the necessity of diversifying sources of public revenues in the federal budget and supporting and developing other economic sectors in Iraq that are suffering from an almost complete halt at the present time, and benefiting from them in financing the general budget revenues, in addition to getting rid of or reducing dependence on oil sector revenues.

The article highlights the fact that the development of industrial sectors in the digital economy is one of the current topical issues, and that the digital economy has broad potential for the development of sectors based on new technologies. It is shown that the relationship between important factors for increasing the economic efficiency of industrial sectors is significant. Formulas for calculating production efficiency and labor productivity indicators are presented to increase the efficiency of industrial enterprises.  

This article aims to thoroughly examine various issues related to enhancing students' reading comprehension skills through written texts. A key factor in improving these skills is providing students with engaging reading materials, such as comics, novels, short stories, and storytelling, which can capture their interest. Additionally, other aspects of reading development are worth exploring, including effective teaching methods, the advantages, and the challenges of using written texts in reading instruction. Achieving a high success rate in improving students' reading abilities is crucial to ensuring they gain valuable input for mastering or advancing their English skills. However, enhancing reading comprehension is a complex process that requires discussion to identify the most effective approach.

One of the most effective ways to enhance students' comprehension skills is through exposure to classic literature. Among the many renowned authors, Charles Dickens stands out as an excellent choice for improving reading comprehension due to his rich language, vivid characterization, and complex themes. This article explores how Dickens’ works can be used as a tool to enhance students’ reading comprehension skills. 

This pаpеr еxplоrеs hоw Аrtificiаl Intеlligеncе (АI) is trаnsfоrming thе wаy studеnts undеrstаnd whаt thеy rеаd. This rеsеаrch еxplоrеs intо thе еxciting wоrld оf АI pоwеrеd tооls thаt hеlp thе studеnts imprоvе thеir cоmpеtеncе in tеаching rеаding cоmprеhеnsiоn skills tеаching litеrаl аnd infеrеntiаl rеаding in this cаsе. Frоm pеrsоnаlizеd fееdbаck tо intеrаctivе lеаrning plаtfоrms, АI is rеdеsigning thе lаndscаpе оf highеr еducаtiоn. Hоwеvеr, whilе АI оffеrs prоmising оppоrtunitiеs fоr еnhаncing tеаching rеаding cоmprеhеnsiоn, thеrе аrе аlsо chаllеngеs tо аddrеss, such аs еnsuring еquitаblе аccеss аnd trаining еducаtоrs tо еffеctivеly intеgrаtе АI intо thеir tеаching prаcticеs. This rеsеаrch prоvidеs аn оvеrviеw оf thе rоlе оf АI in pеdаgоgy аnd its pоtеntiаl impаct оn rеаding instructiоn in highеr еducаtiоn. 

Mathematics is one of the most important foundations of human development and one of the sciences that has played an important role in the development of civilization. The importance of mathematics in the development of all sciences and technologies is incomparable. Initially, this science began with simple calculations, and later branched out into such branches as complex algebra, geometry, analysis, and number theory. Uzbekistan is one of the countries that has produced great mathematicians in the history of science. Scientists such as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Mirza Ulugbek, Qazizoda Rumi, and Jamshid al-Koshi made a great contribution to science not only in the East, but also in the whole world with their discoveries. In this article, we will talk about the lives, scientific works, scientific achievements of great mathematicians, how their discoveries are used today, and their significance today.

 The purpose of this article is to highlight the contribution of Uzbek mathematicians to science, analyze their important discoveries and developments, and show their place in the development of mathematics. Through the article, readers will gain information about the scientific heritage of Uzbek mathematicians and their significance today.

Marine environmental protection is essential for preserving biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the overall health of oceanic systems. As threats such as pollution, overfishing, and climate change continue to affect marine environments, innovative approaches are critical for mitigating these impacts. This study investigates three major approaches to marine environmental protection: community engagement, the use of technology, and the enforcement of policies. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and case studies from different coastal regions. The findings suggest that when community engagement is combined with technological tools and robust policy enforcement, marine conservation efforts become more effective and sustainable. This study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and integrated approaches in achieving long-term marine environmental protection.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the role of specialized translators and interpreters of medical discourse in bringing satisfaction to health tourists. The goal was to find the effect of non-professional medical interpreters (translators) in breaking efficient patient-physician relationship. Nowadays, most foreign patients are accompanied by someone who is not familiar with medical terminology and just thanks to knowing a language he/she becomes an interpreter of a foreign patient. Ten foreign patients from different countries were investigated in this report.