Polymers (from poly... + Greek meros — fraction, part) — substances, the molecules (macromolecules) of which consist of a large number of repeating units. Polymers are the basis of plastics, chemical fibers, rubber, paint and varnish materials, adhesives. At the same time, there are 2 main mechanisms for obtaining polymers: through polyaddition and polycondensation.

The article deals with one of the extensive methods of the concept field formation, which is based on a psycho-linguistic experiment known as an associative experiment. In the formation of the nominative field of the concept there has been held an associative experiment with native speakers in Uzbekistan. Universal and peculiar features of “wealth” concept in the English and the Uzbek languages are revealed as a result of the experiment.

This article examines the artistic picture of the world, in an anthropocentric aspect, as one of the components that determine the specifics of "women's prose", the emergence and existence of which are dictated by time and space, the special gender and social role of women, and the originality is determined by a special "feminine" worldview, a feminine view of traditional universal problems. The study of the artistic picture of the world of women's prose will allow us to reach the level of axiological analysis of the text, which involves identifying the values that are actualized in the texts of women's prose, modeling the value hierarchies of writers representing this literary phenomenon, their integral system of knowledge and ideas about the world.

The article presents the results of a detailed analysis of data from modern world literature on the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, the negative effects of chemical dyes on it and the increase in paradont grade,morphofunction properties of teeth. It is still justified that the structural mechanisms of the influence of chemical dyes on the development and formation of paradont levels in production enterprises are not sufficiently fully determined and it is necessary to continue scientific research on finding a solution to this problem.

The Soviet military invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 is considered one of the most important political and military events in the contemporary history of Afghanistan as well as the Cold War era. This event not only turned Afghanistan into a proxy war scene between the superpowers of the East and the West; rather, it left extensive effects on regional and global security and stability. The importance and necessity of this research lies in examining the internal and external roots of this aggression, analyzing its consequences and understanding its long-term effects on the political, social and economic structures of Afghanistan and the region. The purpose of this research is to provide an analysis of the Soviet military aggression against Afghanistan. The findings of this research show that the internal political instability, the internal differences of the Afghan People's Democratic Party and the Soviet effort to maintain its geopolitical influence in the region were the main reasons for this aggression. Also, the consequences of this aggression included massive human casualties, the destruction of Afghanistan's infrastructure, and the increase in the influence of Mujahideen forces, the effects of which remained noticeable even decades later. On the other hand, this war played an important role in weakening the Soviet Union and its final collapse. The conclusion of this research emphasizes that foreign military interventions, regardless of the internal conditions of the target country, instead of achieving political goals, lead to instability and deeper crises. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is one of the outstanding examples of the failure of development policies, which is not only for the attacking country; It also had devastating consequences for the target country.

The formation of the exchange rate based on market mechanisms plays a crucial role in ensuring economic stability and efficiency. This study examines the key factors influencing exchange rate determination in a market-driven environment, highlighting the impact of supply and demand dynamics, monetary policy, and external economic conditions. The findings emphasize that a well-functioning market-based exchange rate system enhances trade competitiveness, attracts foreign investment, and contributes to overall macroeconomic stability. The research provides insights into optimizing exchange rate policies to support sustainable economic growth.

This article explores the critical role of energy and water consumption in apartment sustainability, shedding light on their environmental and economic impacts. By analyzing current trends, consumption patterns, and technological advancements, the article offers practical insights for reducing resource use in apartment living. It delves into the innovative solutions that help residents and property managers lower their carbon footprint and utility costs, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices for the future of urban living. The piece highlights how these changes not only contribute to environmental conservation but also pave the way for a more sustainable and resilient future.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory gum disease in which atrophy of tissues occurs, including the bone that holds the tooth in its tooth socket.

An important part of any team’s success is the ability to brainstorm effectively. Brainstorming encourages creativity and innovation, which are very important when tackling business challenges and identifying opportunities. But while many teams hold brainstorming sessions, not all are equally effective.

If you feel your sessions are falling short, we’re here to help. This article will guide you on how to create productive brainstorming sessions through different techniques and practical tips.

Polymers (from poly... + Greek meros — fraction, part) — substances, the molecules (macromolecules) of which consist of a large number of repeating units. Polymers are the basis of plastics, chemical fibers, rubber, paint and varnish materials, adhesives. At the same time, there are 2 main mechanisms for obtaining polymers: through polyaddition and polycondensation.

Illustration has served a vital role on our earth for as long as humans have existed, from the earliest cave drawings to the most sophisticated digital artworks of today. Whether they’re used to accompany literature, sell a product, or represent complex data, illustrations actually play a vital role in how our brains work.

The first step to truly understanding the importance of illustrations, however, comes with knowing the different types and techniques, as well as how this practice differs from other similar fields.

This article deals with Communicative argot, often known as jargon or cant, is an intriguing field of study in comparative linguistics because it emphasizes the dynamic interaction of language, culture, and social groupings. Communicative argot is a specialized vocabulary and grammatical structures used by distinct social groups to communicate with one another, frequently excluding outsiders. This can encompass jobs, hobbies, subcultures, and even families.

An abundant layer of language is created by paremias, which are the subject of study of paremiology. The opinion of linguists regarding the belonging of paremiology to phraseology is different, but it is quite obvious that these two sciences are adjacent and even border on each other. In this regard, the question of the classification of proverbs is also controversial. Most linguists identify proverbs and aphorisms as key units of paremiology, they have their own characteristics.

Stress-induced changes in the rectum involve structural and functional alterations affecting its integrity and physiological role. This study examines histological modifications in the rectal wall under immobilization stress, emphasizing epithelial integrity, vascular reactions, and connective tissue remodeling. Morphometric analysis reveals mucosal atrophy, increased inflammatory infiltration, and microcirculatory disturbances. Functional assessments indicate impaired motility and altered mucus secretion, potentially predisposing to chronic pathologies. These findings highlight the significance of stress as a factor in colorectal dysfunction and emphasize the necessity of preventive measures to mi.

The proliferation of user-generated content results from social media's rapid development. An interdisciplinary field called computational cyber-psychology uses machine learning techniques to investigate fundamental psychological tendencies. Our study uses social media usage patterns to infer users' mental health status. The emergence of social media platforms in Afghanistan has profoundly affected the country's young people. This study aims to implement a predictive model using three machine-learning algorithms. The three selected algorithms are Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). The dataset contained in this study was collected through a questionnaire from students at Kunduz public and private universities in 2024. Data preprocessing is done before implementing the predictive models. The dataset is prepared carefully to ensure well-balanced samples in each category. The study reveals that Random Forest is the best classifier, with an accuracy of 77%. The study directly benefits the other researchers and policy or decision-makers in Afghanistan.

The more complicated the operation and the worse the condition of the wisdom teeth, the higher the likelihood of postoperative complications. Even the most experienced dentist cannot guarantee their complete absence, since certain negative consequences are practically mandatory and are considered the norm. But there are also specific possible complications that arise due to the patient's fault in the postoperative period or due to the inexperience of the doctor.

The article is devoted to the analysis of short fiction by Ildar Abuzyarov, which intertwines Russian, Eastern and European cultural traditions. The study focuses on the historical context of his work, types of character nomination and their connection with personality concepts. It is revealed that through the images of heroes, the author touches upon issues of identity, cultural code and philosophical understanding of man in the modern world. The work systematizes the key features of Ildar Abuzyarov's prose, emphasizing its significance for modern literature.

Veneers are porcelain or ceramic linings that replace the outer layer of teeth. They allow you to correct irregularities in the shape and color of the tooth, and also protect your teeth (for example, when playing wind instruments). Veneers are made according to the shape and color of the patient's teeth and their wishes.

The article considers about the use of literary texts for the formation of social competence in the process of learning a foreign language in high schools. A modern professional should be prepared to cross-cultural communication, which goes beyond his professional sphere. Nowadays important is the ability and willingness of the university graduate to communicate with native speakers in everyday life, because personal contacts, human relationships often play a decisive role for the achievement of mutual understanding between different cultures.