The analysis of soil preparation for sowing gourds is carried out. Considerable time expenditures on soil preparation lead to moisture losses. In order to eliminate these drawbacks the new combined tillage aggregates are offered, which perform a number of operations on preparing the soil for sowing cucurbitaceous crops in one pass.

Brand loyalty has been recognized as a significant tool for building a strong relationship with a customer and achieve brand resonance. The positive behavior, satisfaction, and attitude of the consumers build strong stairs for success in the long term of business operations. The purpose of this research is to provide detailed information and analysis of brand loyalty factors by investigating how the respondents are influenced by those factors. 

The research will be conducted by adopting significant models and theories to get further details that provides in-depth information. The models will explain the significance of the inputs to attain a positive impact on brand loyalty on consumers’ final decisions. 

Therefore, in the section of research methodology research types, approaches and sampling techniques will be explained. The data will be collected from 150 target participants from the area of Subang Jaya will be analyzed and discussed as primary research.  However, limitations and ethical considerations might cause inaccurate outcome for the study. The results obtained and gathered through primary and secondary sources will be illustrated in the form of charts and tables that makes the data to be easily analyzed and understood. 

The results of the research may play an important role to cumulate satisfaction of the customers and drive them towards brand loyalty by encouraging marketers to establish aggressive marketing strategies. The successful strategy directed to build brand loyalty will be an assurance of firms to run successful operations in the long term.

Effective communication is a crucial skill that is required in all aspects of life. The ability to express oneself clearly and confidently in a language is an essential attribute in today's globalized world. However, mastering speaking skills can be challenging, especially for non-native speakers of a language. In such cases, communicative activities play a vital role in improving speaking skills. This article aims to explore the role of communicative activities in improving speaking skills. The article discusses the definition of communicative activities, their objectives, advantages, and different forms. Moreover, the article highlights the importance of incorporating communicative activities into teaching methods to help learners develop effective communication skills.   

The most characteristic etiological factors of damage to the larynx and trachea are currently considered to be intubation, trauma and autoimmune diseases. These types of damage lead to an inflammatory process, which in the larynx and trachea has a tendency to a primary chronic course, affects the cartilaginous framework, is accompanied by persistent infiltration and tissue edema. Without targeted treatment, such an inflammatory process leads to the development of chondroperichondritis , followed by atresia of the larynx and cervical trachea above the tracheotomy tube, cicatricial narrowing of the thoracic trachea, persistent impairment of the vocal apparatus, and other consequences.

The problem of the relationship between the thyroid and salivary glands is of interest since it is known that the functional state of the thyroid gland has a pronounced effect on the state of the salivary glands and other tissues of the dental system. 

This article examines the significance of changing accusations in the first instance under criminal procedure law and its impact on advancing justice. The process of changing accusations provides an opportunity to correct errors, ensure fairness, and promote a more accurate representation of the facts in criminal cases. This article explores the reasons behind changing accusations, the legal framework governing this practice, and the potential benefits it offers to the justice system. By analyzing relevant case studies and scholarly opinions, this article highlights the importance of this procedural mechanism in upholding justice and ensuring a fair trial.

The article shows that everyday, pre-scientific ideas of students about the physical world is a pedagogically significant value, which is advisable to use in the process of teaching mathematics.

In this article, the economic essence, social characteristics of the world financial market and its theoretical and methodological aspects, its main and additional functions and principles, the implementation of market instruments are considered, scientifically based from the point of view of the participating institutions. perform the functions of its specific aspects.   

Bitumen emulsion is a widely used material in various industries, particularly in road construction and maintenance. The production of bitumen emulsion involves the careful selection and incorporation of additives to enhance its stability and performance. This article focuses on the role of additives in bitumen emulsion production and their impact on improving the stability and performance of the emulsion. It discusses the different types of additives used, including emulsifiers, stabilizers, and modifiers, and their specific functions. Emulsifiers help in achieving a stable dispersion of bitumen in water, while stabilizers prevent coalescence and sedimentation of the emulsion. Modifiers are employed to enhance specific properties of the emulsion, such as adhesion, flexibility, and resistance to aging. Furthermore, this article highlights the importance of selecting appropriate additives based on the desired application and the desired performance characteristics. By understanding the role and proper utilization of additives, manufacturers can produce high-quality and durable bitumen emulsions with improved stability and performance, leading to more sustainable and long-lasting infrastructure solutions.

Inversion refers to the phenomenon of the exchange of parts of a sentence, the change of parts of a sentence with a certain purpose. In the artistic style, it is used to bring the poet's speech closer to live speech. Emotion can be expressed in poetry through inversion 

For calculations for these three integrals, we highlight loading data from math packages, an overview of available packages, next steps, practical examples, and removing them. In addition, tips and best practices for effectively using the power of math packages to solve complex integration problems are discussed.

In the last decade, based on the analysis of both referrals to primary care institutions and groups of patients treated in an inpatient setting, diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses (BYoB) have firmly taken the first place in the general morbidity structure of ENT organs. With the introduction of endonasal-endoscopic surgical methods, the number of operations performed in the nasal cavity has increased significantly. Currently, on the basis of the data of the endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, CT of the nose and adjacent nasal cavities, and the analysis of the performed functional examinations, a treatment plan aimed at eliminating the pathological process, maximally preserving the mucous membrane of the nose and cavities, anatomical bone structures, correcting their configuration, and restoring the lost functions is being determined. . In recent years, a large amount of data on functional endonasal preventive operations has been collected.   

Rust infection is a major concern in wheat cultivation, as it can significantly reduce yield and quality of the crop. This study aimed to compare rust infection and disease area on different wheat varieties in Sialkot District. The prevalence and severity of rust infection were assessed in multiple wheat varieties grown in the region. The disease area on each variety was quantified, and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the differences among the varieties. The findings provide valuable insights into the susceptibility of different wheat varieties to rust infection in the specific agro-climatic conditions of Sialkot District, aiding farmers and agronomists in selecting resistant varieties for improved disease management.

this article presents an analysis of existing methodological approaches to the development of cultural competence of future teachers in higher education based on a gender approach and defining the concept of cultural competence. Pedagogical conditions are described, which allow to master the complex of cultural competences in the field of education, taking into account the gender approach. The technologies of formation of cultural competences through educational activities are presented. Based on the competence-based approach, the experience of educational activities of higher educational institutions was analyzed. The theoretical and empirical aspects of the activities of universities on the separation of the system of cultural competences were summarized. 

According to a number of authors, improvement of some elements of the technique of ear microsurgery raises a number of questions related to the study of the regeneration process after tympanoplasty, the coordination of the healing of the surgical wound, and the reduction of the duration of treatment of patients in an inpatient setting. The long duration of postoperative wound healing can be due to various reasons. This can be caused by the error of the surgical technique (incomplete elimination of the changed pathological tissue), the presence of virulent microflora, sensitization of the organism, disruption of tissue microcirculation and metabolic processes, and a decrease in general and local immunity.

In this article, Discussions were held about the nature and structure of professional competence in the activities of the heads of preschool educational organizations.   

The article examines the importance of listening in both teaching and learning a language. As listening is one of four skills that influence the other three skills completely.

The problem of treating patients with chronic stenosis of the larynx and trachea remains relevant to this day. Statistical data indicate a trend towards an increase in the total number of such patients, which is associated with an increase in road and domestic injuries, operational activity on the organs of the respiratory tract, a high frequency of resuscitation measures taken, etc. Although the development of scientific and technological progress has contributed to the development of new methods and approaches in the treatment of chronic stenosis of the larynx and trachea, often the pathogenetic validity of the therapy is not taken into account. Based on the foregoing, the aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of the main etiological causes of damage to the larynx and trachea, the methods of treatment taking into account the data of microbiological studies, as well as the impact of concomitant and associated pathology on the final outcome of treatment.

When an autologous fascia is placed on the drum membrane, at first all kinds of reactive changes develop around it, and in a short period of time a border of demarcation from lympho-histiocytic and monocyto-macrophage cells appears, but these cells do not grow into the fascia, on the contrary, a fibrous membrane appears around it, its surface on the 21st day completely epithelized. When the pericardium of the sheep heart is transplanted into the tympanic membrane for the purpose of closing it, a strong and extensive reactive change develops in response. Necrosis and destruction develop in the xenograft, and a proliferative infiltrate appears around it. Then the xenograft intermingles with the proliferative infiltrate cells that appear around the tissue structures. Young lympho-histiocytic cells turn into fibrocytes and histiocytes, produce fibrous structures and the surface is covered with epithelium.

One of the urgent problems of modern medicine is the trauma of the maxillofacial region, which in the list of causes of death in men of working age (18-40 years) ranks third after oncological and cardiovascular diseases (WHO data). The lethal outcome in the early period after an injury is usually caused by shock and massive blood loss, and in the late period - by concomitant complications (thromboembolism, pneumonia, and infectious processes). Complications arising from trauma to the maxillofacial area are due to dynamic changes in coagulation hemostasis, and a decrease in immunity. This, in turn, can be caused by a violation of the function of blood cells. 

This research paper explores the bright scope and opportunities of herbal nutraceuticals in the Indian healthcare market. With the growing interest in natural and alternative medicine, herbal nutraceuticals have gained significant attention for their potential health benefits and therapeutic properties. India, with its rich biodiversity and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, holds immense potential for the development and commercialization of herbal nutraceuticals. This study examines the current market landscape, regulatory framework, consumer trends, and the key drivers contributing to the growth of herbal nutraceuticals in India. It also analyzes the challenges and opportunities faced by stakeholders in this emerging sector. The findings highlight the increasing demand for herbal nutraceuticals, the rise in consumer awareness, and the potential for market expansion and innovation. The study contributes to understanding the scope and opportunities for herbal nutraceuticals in the Indian healthcare market, guiding policymakers, researchers, and industry professionals in harnessing the potential of this promising sector.

The main characteristics of Korean language and its relationship to linguocultureology are discussed in the following article. The author of the paper mentions the fundamental theories of Korean linguistics right at the start. She draws attention to the connections between the language and culture of Korea and those of Japan and China. The remainder of the article examines the discovery made by famous linguists. They cited the categorization of Korean language along with its phonetics and grammar. The discovery is therefore integrated with culture by the author.

The importance of English proficiency in the medical field cannot be overstated, and digital technology can play a crucial role in teaching English to medical students. This article explores the benefits of using digital technology in teaching English to medical students, including interactive and engaging learning experiences, personalized instruction, and access to authentic materials and resources. Examples of effective digital tools and resources are provided, and the importance of integrating digital technology with traditional teaching methods is emphasized.   

Inflammation of the mucous membrane is caused by various irritating environmental factors. These include not only climatic and natural factors such as cooling, but also industrial factors, air pollution from production waste, allergens of plant and industrial origin. If viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens are some kind of specific causes of mucosal inflammation, then the influence of cold, chemical and physical irritations cause inflammation through tissue damage or activation of mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes.

In this article, the research on the Oghuz dialect, the comparative analysis of this dialect with other dialects, as well as the units related to the Oghuz dialect in the "Annotated Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" are analyzed. 

In this article analyzes the approaches of modern scientists to defining the concept of "professional competence". The authors of the article focus on the problem of the need to develop a model of professional competence of a modern head of a preschool educational organization. Based on the analysis of various components of professional competence, the authors propose their own model of professional competence of the head of a preschool educational organization.

In recent years, the frequency of nosebleeds, which is one of the most common indications for admitting patients to ENT hospitals, has been increasing dramatically. Patients with this pathology make up to 20.5% of all hospitalized patients. According to research, 80% of nosebleeds are associated with systemic factors, among which arterial hypertension is the most important. Also, injuries of the face-jaw area, tumors of the nose and paranasal cavities, systemic diseases of the connective tissue, and coagulopathies of various genesis are common causes of nosebleeds. In practice, most often (80-90%) there is bleeding from the front-lower sections of the nasal septum (zone Kiesselbach), where the great palate and anterior ethmoidal arteries are anastomosed. Bleeding from the posterior and posterior-superior parts of the nasal cavity (zone Woodruff) is less common, but they are characterized by an excellent melting and relapsing course and are often life-threatening. The difficulty of stopping bleeding from these sections is due to the presence of a strong system of anastomoses between the pool of external and internal carotid arteries.   

This article explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and physical education, unveiling new frontiers in enhancing the teaching and learning experience. Traditionally, physical education has relied on human instruction and observation, but with advancements in AI, innovative opportunities emerge to revolutionize the field. This article delves into various applications of AI in physical education, including motion tracking, virtual coaching, personalized fitness programs, and performance analysis. It examines the benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI and addresses ethical considerations in this context. By leveraging the power of AI, physical education can become more engaging, individualized, and effective, offering unique opportunities for students to develop lifelong physical fitness habits and achieve optimal performance.

Today, in many countries of the world, along with the sharp demographic situation the level of urbanization is also increasing. The right of citizens to live is closely related to the provision of their right to land use, which is usually ensured in the process of land use within the administrative-territorial boundaries of states, where urban, rural and other types of settlements are located. The state of the environment in settlements is inextricably linked with the ecologization of the construction industry. For this reason, in this research work the issues of compliance with environmental requirements in the field of construction were studied in terms of urban planning and ecology. Thus, international legal documents, foreign experience and the national legislative base of the Republic of Uzbekistan were analyzed comparatively. The article also discusses the tasks of maintaining environmental quality in the construction industry, especially in the implementation of construction work in settlements. The author studied from a scientific and legal point of view the tasks of government agencies in the organization of green construction in urban, rural and other areas, public participation in governance, the benefits of developing a "green" economy, the introduction of low-waste technologies, as well as build an energy-efficient buildings and houses. This article also analyses scientific researches in the field of ecologization of the construction process. As a result of systematic studying the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of construction, the author scientifically and theoretically systematized the procedures for the ecologization of this field. Also, considered prospects for harmonization of national urban planning norms and rules with international norms and standards. In addition, developed a scientific and theoretical basis for achieving following the objectives, like the introduction of environmentally friendly innovative technologies to achieve the strategic goals of the Concept of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030, prevention and reduction of negative impact on the environment, ensuring the growth of environmentally oriented economy, application of "green" standards in construction activities, increasing the volume of construction of certified buildings and structures in the system of voluntary environmental certification of real estate.

This article was written after independence, mainly on the topic of the role of Uzbekistan in the world economy and international relations in the 21st century. The article describes the contribution of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the world economy, the share of imports and exports, and its role in international relations.

Acute sensorineural hearing loss is an urgent condition that can develop irreversible and serious complications if is not treated on time. Hearing loss can develop suddenly or over several hours. Patients complain of congestion in the affected ear, noise in the ears, and often dizziness. Hearing loss is usually unilateral, and in 2% of cases it is bilateral. According to epidemiological data, the disease rate is 5-27 cases per 100,000 population. Unlike conductive tinnitus, sensorineural tinnitus is characterized by damage to the sound-receiving part of the unilateral auditory analyzer. The cranial artery is the only terminal artery that supplies the cranium with blood. A.auditivae is separated from the internal basilar artery in different situations. It separates from the lower anterior cerebral artery in 65% of cases, from the main one in 29%, and from the lower posterior cerebral artery in 6% of cases.  

This study aims to evaluate the interactive effects of nitrogen rates and row spacing on the yield of wheat. Wheat is an important crop worldwide, and optimizing agronomic practices is crucial for maximizing yield. Nitrogen fertilization and row spacing are two key factors that can significantly influence wheat productivity. However, limited research has been conducted on their interactive effects. In this study, a field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen rates (varying from low to high) and row spacing treatments (narrow and wide). The wheat yield was measured and analyzed to assess the combined impact of nitrogen rates and row spacing on crop productivity. The findings provide insights into the potential synergistic or antagonistic effects of these factors and offer valuable information for farmers and agronomists to optimize nitrogen management and row spacing strategies for maximizing wheat yield.

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the larynx (CIAG) are a collective concept of a fairly large number of diseases with different etiologies. Nosological forms of diseases of the larynx in this case are presented in a wide range - from functional disorders leading to respiratory failure, benign formations of the larynx to gross, long-term cicatricial stenoses that require complex reconstructive operations. The pathomorphological assessment of such a condition of the larynx is primarily associated with the presence of chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane and elements of the larynx, including the submucosal layer, as well as the muscles and cartilages of the larynx. Most often, chronic inflammation of the larynx is localized in the region of the vocal cords, the subvocal region of the larynx with the transition to the cervical trachea and is a secondary manifestation of the damaging factor. 

This article presents otoneurological characteristics of pre-stroke cerebrovascular disorders in patients with hypertension. Among the problems of modern otorhinolaryngology, one of the leading places belongs to cochleovestibular disorders in some cardiovascular diseases, in particular, hypertension. The state of vestibular function in arterial hypertension was studied by many authors who noted a decrease in resistance in such patients. It has been established that one of the reasons for the formation of secondary cochleovestibular disorders is chronic hypertensive encephalopathy that develops in patients with arterial hypertension, often already in the early stages of the disease. In studying the features of the pathogenesis of cochleovestibular disorders, certain results have been achieved by studying the nature of the vestibulovascular interaction. In particular, the difference between vestibulovascular reactions in central and peripheral lesions of the vestibular analyzer was shown, which is important for the differential diagnosis of these pathological conditions.

This article discusses the role of oral hygiene in increasing the efficiency of dental implant treatment.