This research paper delves into enhancing the organizational and economic analysis of clusters in the context of Uzbekistan, offering a comprehensive examination of strategies to optimize the efficiency, sustainability, and economic impact of these collaborative economic entities. The study investigates the current state of cluster development in Uzbekistan, highlighting areas that require improvement. By drawing on a range of methodologies, case studies, and empirical evidence, the research aims to contribute actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers to refine their approach to cluster development and management in the unique economic landscape of Uzbekistan.

Approximately a third of all medicinal preparations are made from plants or with the participation of substances of plant origin. It is more economical to extract the synthesis of some chemical compounds contained in plants and determining the therapeutic effect of a drug from plant raw materials. It has been established that in a number of cases, the therapeutic effect of plant preparations is determined not only by the main active substance, but by the entire complex contained in it, including sugars, mineral salts, and microelements.

The Industrial Revolution brought about profound changes in the economic landscape, ushering in an era of innovation, growth, and disruption. This paper examines the multifaceted economic challenges arising from this transformative period, exploring the impact on labor markets, trade dynamics, and economic inequality. Through a comprehensive analysis of historical context and contemporary relevance, we illuminate the complexities of navigating disruption in the age of industrialization.

Improvement of payment practice on the basis of plastic cards, which are considered one of the main forms of non-cash accounting in the banking system, reduction of the amount of cash in circulation, reduction of the volume of accounts and credit debt of business entities, attraction of surpluses of the population and their inclusion in corporate turnover will become the most important factor in the economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The article discusses foreign models of state regulation of the credit services market during the economic crisis. According to the author, the governments of foreign countries took an active part in maintaining the liquidity of credit organizations by capitalizing and refinancing them. It is necessary to find a balanced solution on the level of state regulation of the credit services market, which will eliminate the possibility of crisis events. A clear example of such regulation is the experience of France, Chile, Singapore, and Hong Kong, which were based on the successful combination of high–level state intervention with regulatory tactics.

Entering a competitive market as a small business requires strategic planning and innovative approaches. This article explores key strategies for small businesses to succeed in highly competitive markets. Findings reveal the importance of differentiation, niche targeting, customer experience, innovation, and strategic partnerships. By leveraging these strategies, small businesses can carve out a niche, build a loyal customer base, and compete effectively with larger players. Success in a competitive market hinges on a clear value proposition, customer-centric focus, and a willingness to innovate and adapt to changing market dynamics.

This paper examines the role of social media marketing in promoting tourism and engaging visitors in the digital age. As digital platforms continue to reshape the tourism landscape, social media has emerged as a powerful tool for destination marketing, offering unparalleled opportunities for reaching and engaging with potential travelers. Drawing on empirical research and case studies, this study explores the effectiveness of social media strategies in attracting tourists, fostering destination loyalty, and enhancing visitor experiences. The findings highlight the importance of leveraging social media platforms to create compelling narratives, showcase authentic experiences, and facilitate meaningful interactions with travelers, thereby maximizing the impact of digital marketing efforts on tourism promotion.

This paper explores the significance of capital budgeting methods in corporate finance and their role in optimizing investment decisions to maximize shareholder value and enhance organizational performance. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis, this study examines various capital budgeting techniques, including traditional methods like payback period and accounting rate of return, alongside modern approaches such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and real options analysis. The research investigates the strengths, limitations, and practical implications of each method in different business contexts, considering factors such as risk, uncertainty, flexibility, and strategic alignment. Furthermore, the thesis evaluates the impact of technological advancements, regulatory changes, and market dynamics on the adoption and effectiveness of capital budgeting practices in contemporary corporate environments. The goal of this study is to improve financial decision-making processes and, eventually, the competitiveness and sustainable growth of contemporary businesses by illuminating the changing environment of capital budgeting and providing insights into best practices.