Second language acquisition (SLA) among Arab learners has been an area of ongoing research and pedagogical concern. This study examines the paradigm shift in the approach to SLA among Arab learners, exploring how traditional language teaching methods have evolved to accommodate the linguistic and cultural needs of this specific learner group. The research reviews recent developments in SLA theories, instructional strategies, and technology integration that have contributed to the paradigm shift. By understanding the changing landscape of SLA in Arab learners, educators can design more effective and culturally relevant language learning programs, enhancing the language proficiency and communication skills of Arab learners in diverse contexts.

This research explores the remarkable abilities of adults in creating and transmitting novel signalling systems, surpassing those of children. The study investigates the cognitive, linguistic, and social factors that contribute to the adult advantage in inventing and disseminating innovative communication methods. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and empirical data, this paper sheds light on the underlying mechanisms that enable adults to excel in the realm of novel signalling systems. Understanding these factors can have implications for education, linguistics, and the evolution of communication in society.

Bedil was a prolific writer and philosopher. There are about 65,000 poetic works and about 50 printed copies of prose works from his legacy. In his works, Bedil analyzed the relationship between the human body and the soul. Bedil compared the human soul to a king who came down from the holy world and occupied a land based on earth, wind, fire and water. The conclusion of Bedil's opinion is that the essence of any idea depends on the human mind, its basis does not exist in the real world, a person shows “invisible” signs according to the level of his understanding to him.

English for Academic Purposes (EAP) textbooks play a crucial role in preparing non-native English-speaking students for academic success in English-medium higher education. One important aspect of EAP textbooks is their authenticity, which refers to the degree to which the language and tasks in the textbooks mirror real academic language use and situations. This study conducts an evaluation of authenticity in EAP textbooks used in Iran. Through a case study approach, a selection of EAP textbooks commonly used in Iranian educational institutions is analyzed. The evaluation assesses the representation of authentic academic language, genres, and tasks, as well as the alignment with the needs and expectations of Iranian students. Findings from this evaluation provide valuable insights into the extent to which current EAP textbooks cater to the specific needs of Iranian learners and contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance EAP pedagogy in the Iranian context.

The use of shifonemas, medicinal plant names is ubiquitous in human language and culture. However, little is known about the psychological and neuropsychological processes underlying the perception and processing of shifonemas. This article reviews the existing literature on the specificities of plant names in a psychological and neuropsychological context. The review suggests that shifonemas have unique properties that distinguish them from other types of words, and that these properties have implications for language processing, memory, and emotion.