Background: The plight of orphans, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, has intensified due to increasing incidences of disease, conflict, and natural disasters. In Nigeria, the orphan crisis is driven by factors such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic, terrorism, and other forms of violence. Orphans in orphanages often experience a range of challenges, including abuse, malnutrition, poor healthcare access, stigmatization, and behavioral and psychological disorders. Although some interventions address material needs, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive care that integrates medical, psychosocial, and social welfare support. This study examines the medical and social challenges faced by orphans living in orphanages in Kaduna, Nigeria.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 100 orphans in three orphanages in Kaduna. Data collection involved the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical issues, behavioral patterns, levels of stigma, psychosocial well-being, and coping mechanisms.

Results: The mean age of respondents was 10 years, with 68% of the participants being male. Although 54.9% of the respondents had access to balanced diets, 53.7% were underweight, pointing to ongoing nutritional challenges. Medical concerns included clinical signs of illness in 33.7% of the children, and 46.7% were not fully immunized. Behavioral disorders were prevalent, with 27% of the children showing symptoms of hyperactivity, 22.3% suffering from enuresis, and 1.8% diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Despite these challenges, 83.3% of the orphans reported positive peer relationships, 89.2% had good self-esteem, and 97.8% attended school. However, instances of bullying (11.4%) and stigmatization (9%) persisted.

Conclusion: The study highlights the significant medical, social, and psychological challenges facing orphans in Kaduna orphanages. While access to education and peer support was encouraging, the high prevalence of malnutrition, under-immunization, and behavioral disorders underscores the need for integrated care models. A holistic approach to care, incorporating medical, psychosocial, and educational interventions, is crucial for improving the well-being of these vulnerable children.  ‎

Orphans, Kaduna, Nigeria, Medical challenges

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