The Mechanism for Developing Students’ Universal Abilities Through the Heuristic Method

Abstract

This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the potential of the heuristic method for developing students’ universal abilities in contemporary education. Universal abilities are regarded as a set of interconnected competencies that enable learners to apply knowledge across different subjects and real-life situations, analyze problematic situations, make independent decisions, think creatively, search for and evaluate information, and reflectively monitor their own learning activities. The study analyzes the regulatory and legal documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of education, the theory of heuristic learning, the concept of metacognition, and scholarly perspectives on modern educational technologies. Based on this analysis, a six-stage mechanism for developing universal abilities through the heuristic method is proposed: motivational-problematic, creative-hypothetical, research-practical, productive-constructive, verification-and-assessment, and metacognitive-reflective stages. The activities of teachers and students, the universal abilities to be developed, and the expected educational outcomes are described in relation to each stage. The proposed mechanism is presented as a methodological model intended to transform learners from passive recipients of ready-made knowledge into active participants in independent inquiry and knowledge creation.