This article presents a systematic analysis of methodological approaches aimed at developing young learners’ competence in the use of polysemous (multi-meaning) words. The author regards polysemy as a hallmark of linguistic semantic richness and emphasizes its role in activating children’s thinking, increasing verbal engagement, and enhancing lexical competence. The study proposes a multi-stage system of methodological exercises—motivational, analytical, practical, and reflective—designed to expand learners’ vocabulary, facilitate contextually aware use of polysemous words, and build independent thinking skills. Examples include textbook texts, proverbs, polysemous word exercises, semantic analysis techniques, dramatization, and interactive methods to improve language teaching effectiveness. The conclusion stresses that working with polysemy is not merely language acquisition but fosters personal and cognitive development.

Polysemous words, lexical competence, primary education

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