The state of the Khorezmshahs, which became the only dominant power in Central Asia, had a strong military strategic importance with its political position, but its crisis accelerated due to the intensification of internal conflicts. As a result, during the invasion campaigns of Genghis Khan in Central Asia, which began in 1219, he masterfully used the political crisis of the Khorezmshah state, created an opportunity to unite most of the Central Asia, present-day Afghanistan, Iran (except for Khazaria) under his rule due to mutual conflicts, power struggle, treachery, and treachery. Its borders extended from the Aral Sea to the Syr Darya river in the north, to the Persian Gulf in the south, to the Pamir and Solomon mountains in the east, and to the Zargos mountains in the west. These regions consisted of a huge conglomeration of states and nations united by conquest around Khorezm, which was very rich in irrigation culture in ancient agriculture. ‎

In Uzbekistan, in recent years, in order to reduce the number of people in need of social protection, a real opportunity has been created in the area of production and entrepreneurship, and many achievements are being made in this field today. In this article, how small business and private entrepreneurship were reformed and stabilized in the neighborhoods of Uzbekistan, and now, wide opportunities are created for the growth of private enterprises in the neighborhoods, to what extent the potential of small business has increased, and what works are being done to lift citizens out of poverty in the neighborhoods. it was explained about what has been done and what other tasks should be done in the future. ‎

This study investigates the influence of teacher training on the implementation of HIV and AIDS education in secondary schools, focusing on Hamisi Sub-County, Kenya. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal the pivotal role of teacher training programs in enhancing educators' knowledge, skills, and confidence to effectively deliver HIV and AIDS education. The study underscores the importance of ongoing professional development initiatives tailored to address the evolving challenges and needs of educators in promoting comprehensive HIV prevention and awareness strategies in secondary schools. ‎

In the process of organizing music lessons, the performance of rhythmic movements is very significant for the development of students ' musical abilities, in particular, in addition to the development of skills to evoke a sense of rhythm and method and express the artistry of the work in movements, as well as their physical development.  This process is especially important for elementary students. Because in the normative development of young children, any types of movement are considered important. In this regard, there are great opportunities in the content of music lessons, and music lessons are positively different from other subjects even with their respective characteristics. ‎

This article contains information on the role of the work of the first Uzbek professor Abdurauf Fitrat in the development of Uzbek musical culture, in particular, his views as an art critic. The article also describes the processes by which Shashmakom was first recorded, a priority in Uzbek musical culture. ‎

Corruption, a persistent scourge throughout human history, has deep-rooted historical origins that span ancient civilizations to modern societies. This article examines the evolution of corruption from Mesopotamia and Rome to feudal Europe, colonial empires, and the industrial era. Through a multidisciplinary approach encompassing primary source analysis, comparative studies, and literature review, key findings highlight the enduring impact of corruption on governance, justice, and societal norms. Lessons from history underscore the importance of transparency, accountability, and ethical governance in combating corruption and fostering a more just and equitable future for all. ‎

In this article, the stages of the historical development of viticulture and production of grape products in Turkestan are covered based on sources and researches. ‎

A person has been living in such a way that he is infatuated with art. Just like the culture and art of every historical period, the culture and art of every nation is formed over centuries, polished and passed from generation to generation as a heritage. Thanks to the development of art, its theoretical foundations have achieved new achievements over time, the dreams and hopes of our people have led to the development of art types, the fundamentals of art theory have been improved, and therefore, under the influence of art history, art science, art the main areas such as criticism and art journalism appeared. National music art and musical instruments play an important role in the growth of the spiritual maturity of the peoples of the world and ensure the improvement of their material and spiritual culture. ‎

This study investigates the relationship between the physical work environment and academic staff productivity in universities located in Enugu State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and interviews to explore how the quality of the work environment impacts the productivity levels of academic staff. Findings reveal various factors such as workspace layout, infrastructure, facilities, and ambient conditions influencing academic staff's work performance and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of creating conducive work environments to enhance academic productivity and provides insights for policymakers and university administrators in Enugu State. ‎

Thanks to independence, our country is undergoing radical positive changes in the socio – economic and political spheres. The processes of spiritual recovery taking place in our society, education of young people in the spirit of a national idea, recognition of the masterpieces of our national spiritual, cultural heritage are being built on the basis of promoting the use of high-level, modern information technologies. ‎

Piano (English, French piano; German Klavier) is a keyboard string instrument with horizontal (grand piano) or vertical (piano) strings. The sound of a piano is greatly influenced by its design, since the 18th century. has undergone significant changes. The piano consists of an acoustic apparatus (resonance soundboard, string clothes), a keyboard mechanism, and supporting structures (footer, metal frame, virbelbank). A complex system of levers of the mechanism allows the force to be transferred from the player through the key to the hammer, the impact of which on the string produces sound. The modern piano range is 7 ⅓ octaves (88 keys).

This article discusses the history of the development of medicine and psychology, their interrelationship, the components of medical psychology, the role of psychological knowledge in medicine, the role and importance of medical psychology in the human psyche today. ‎

This article provides detailed information about the main features of the trade and customs policy of the Russian Empire in Central Asia in the beginning of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century.