This article talks about some cities of Afghanistan and their significance for other countries, especially for Russia and Great Britain for attacks and the deficiencies in the internal politics of Afghanistan in the 19th century and the contradictions in the foreign policy and the foreign countries. In such a situation, the political mistakes of the Afghan emirs, representatives of the states, and the lack of clear consensus are clearly visible. The fact that Afghanistan is one of the most important zones both geopolitically and diplomatically has caused interest by the major countries. The leaders of the "Big Game" began to use Afghanistan for their own interests, the first and second Anglo-Afghan wars, and their results are presented. Russia and Great Britain were trying to take over Afghanistan for their own interests, and they were succeeding. Below, I have tried to give a partial introduction about the main purpose of foreign countries from learning about Afghanistan cities, roads, and living conditions.

This research paper presents an exploration of "Kaledo," a traditional and typical food in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Kaledo is a popular culinary delight among the local communities in the region, reflecting the unique cultural heritage and culinary practices of Central Sulawesi. The study adopts a qualitative research approach, employing interviews, participant observation, and culinary analysis to delve into the historical significance, preparation methods, ingredients, and cultural importance of Kaledo. The findings shed light on the traditional knowledge and culinary practices associated with this iconic dish, providing valuable insights into the culinary diversity of Central Sulawesi. ‎

In this article, the burial structures found in the village of Kovardon, Urochi Chirchik district, Tashkent region, are analyzed. It is recorded that the deceased were laid on the ground in the graves, and the bones of the deceased, cleaned of flesh, were buried in the graves. Based on the analyzed graves and the artifacts found in them, it is correct that the Qovunchi culture dates back to the 2nd to 1st half of the 6th century AD, and that the inhabitants of the Tashkent oasis underwent changes in the tradition of burying the dead in the 7th-7th centuries. given ‎

Turning to the history of clothes, we also turn directly to the fabrics that are the basis for the creation of these clothes. As everything has its own history, fabrics have a history of creation, which began the stages of formation from the time of the primitive system.

The tradition of making clothes and the fabric necessary for sewing them is a unique reflection of the level of development of each nation, as well as the progress of its material and spiritual culture. The types of traditional clothes, which are one of the important components of material culture, the fabrics used for them, the methods of sewing clothes and even the way of dressing (manner) are related to the development of ethnos and socio-political changes and ethno-cultural relations that have occurred in this area.

This article focuses on women's participation in Afghanistan and as one of the most important political reforms of the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s.  The article discusses about the extent to which the Afghan government of this period understands the importance of women's reforms, which will create conditions for improving their situation, getting an education and getting a decent profession.  In addition, the reasons for the reform crisis are based on historical sources.

This exploratory study delves into the intricate relationship between financial inclusion and human development, aiming to uncover the multifaceted impact of accessible financial services on individual and societal well-being. Financial inclusion, characterized by equitable access to banking, credit, and savings opportunities, has the potential to empower individuals, reduce poverty, and spur economic growth. Through a comprehensive analysis of empirical data, policy frameworks, and case studies, this research explores the transformative effects of financial inclusion on human potential, emphasizing its significance in achieving sustainable development goals. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the vital role played by inclusive financial systems in fostering human development. ‎

It is no secret that modern warfare increasingly uses drones in place of soldiers. Due to the effectiveness in counterterrorism operations, drones, whose use in battle was barely acknowledged in the 20th century, became quite popular in the 21st. We can see that drones have grown in geopolitical significance and those war weapons are undergoing a transition if we consider that they are playing an increasingly important role in current conflicts and that they account for a sizable portion of national military budgets. This article discusses importance of the drones` usage in geopolitics. ‎

This article reflects the political actions and strategic goals of Great Britain in Central Asia in the 19th century, and the location of Central Asia, where the interests of Great Britain and the Russian Empire collide, is located in a favorable strategic area, based on the analysis of sources and literature. illuminated. ‎

Contemporary methods of teaching history to students with disabilities have evolved to cater to diverse learning needs and promote inclusive education. This abstract explores the innovative strategies employed to engage and empower students with disabilities in history classrooms. The use of technology, such as multimedia presentations, interactive simulations, and virtual reality, enhances accessibility and fosters a deeper understanding of historical events. Differentiated instruction techniques, including visual aids, graphic organizers, and hands-on activities, accommodate various learning styles and abilities. Collaborative learning approaches promote peer interaction, cooperative problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. Additionally, the incorporation of inclusive language, diverse perspectives, and culturally relevant content ensures that students with disabilities feel represented and valued within the history curriculum. Teachers play a crucial role in implementing these methods, requiring specialized training, flexibility, and a focus on individualized support. The contemporary methods discussed in this abstract contribute to creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment that enables students with disabilities to actively participate and thrive in history education. ‎