Background and Rationale: Self-comforting behaviors are a spectrum of conscious and unconscious actions employed by individuals to regulate emotions, manage stress, and maintain a sense of security. These behaviors manifest physically, cognitively, and socially, and are prevalent from infancy through adulthood. Despite their adaptive functions, excessive or maladaptive self-comforting behaviors can contribute to psychological distress. Understanding these behaviors through various theoretical frameworks is crucial for developing effective interventions and promoting mental health.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to:

1. Synthesize evidence on self-comforting behaviors across different theoretical frameworks.
2. Examine patterns and mechanisms underlying self-comforting behaviors.
3. Explore socio-cultural influences on the conceptualization and practice of self-comforting behaviors over the past 50 years.

Methods: The review will integrate findings from attachment theory, stress and coping theories, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, psychodynamic theory, and cognitive-behavioral theory. Examining studies within these frameworks allows the review to identify common themes and patterns, constructing a comprehensive understanding of self-comforting behaviors.

Results: Preliminary findings suggest that self-comforting behaviors serve crucial roles in emotional regulation and stress management. However, their maladaptive use can signal underlying psychological issues. The review will highlight the interplay of biological, psychological, and environmental factors influencing these behaviors and their evolution across the lifespan.

Conclusion: A holistic approach, considering multiple theoretical perspectives, is essential for understanding self-comforting behaviors. This comprehensive understanding will inform the development of effective interventions to support individuals in managing stress and enhancing emotional well-being.

Self-comforting behaviours, adverse life events, emotional regulation

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