Semantics of Word-Formation Categories and Their Role in The Development of The Russian Lexical System

Abstract

The study of word-formation categories occupies an important place in modern linguistics, as derivational processes serve as one of the principal mechanisms for the enrichment and development of vocabulary. Word-formation categories reflect semantic relationships between motivating and derived units and contribute to the systematic organization of lexical resources. This article examines the semantics of word-formation categories and their role in the development of the Russian lexical system. The research analyzes the semantic characteristics of derivational categories, identifies their functions in lexical expansion, and explores their contribution to linguistic innovation. The study employs descriptive, structural-semantic, and comparative methods. The findings demonstrate that word-formation categories ensure the continuity of lexical development, facilitate the emergence of new meanings, and maintain the dynamic balance of the Russian language. The article concludes that derivational semantics plays a crucial role in preserving the productivity and adaptability of the Russian lexical system in contemporary communication.