Structural-Semantic Features of English, Uzbek And Russian Technical Terms

Abstract

This article examines the structural-semantic features of English, Uzbek and Russian technical terms. Technical terminology is one of the most dynamic layers of specialized vocabulary because it reflects scientific progress, technological innovation, industrial development and professional communication. The comparative study of technical terms in English, Uzbek and Russian is important for linguistics, translation studies, terminology standardization and technical education. The purpose of this article is to analyze the structural models, semantic properties and word-formation mechanisms of technical terms in the three languages. The study is based on descriptive, comparative, structural-semantic and componential methods of linguistic analysis. The results show that English technical terminology is characterized by high productivity of compounding, conversion, abbreviation and international lexical elements; Russian technical terminology actively uses derivational affixes, compound structures and calques; Uzbek technical terminology combines native word-formation resources with borrowed, translated and adapted terms from English and Russian. The semantic structure of technical terms is marked by precision, systematicity, monosemy, contextual stability and conceptual correlation with specialized knowledge. At the same time, synonymy, polysemy, semantic narrowing, semantic expansion and terminological variation may appear in all three languages. The article concludes that structural and semantic analysis of technical terminology is necessary for improving translation quality, developing multilingual dictionaries, standardizing technical vocabulary and ensuring effective professional communication.