Problems Of Translating Lexical Means, Such as Calque And Cliches, In Political Terminology In Arabic

Abstract

This article explores the challenges of translating political terminology from foreign languages into Arabic, focusing on lexical means such as calques and clichés. Political language is characterized by a high degree of formalization, frequent repetition of expressions, and reliance on standardized templates. The study analyzes the mechanisms of term formation through calquing (lexical, semantic, and phraseological) and the use of clichés as ready-made linguistic units. It also examines the role of semi-calques in cases where full translation is impossible and highlights the importance of context and stylistic adaptation when transferring lexical units from one language to another. Practical examples from Arabic, English, and other foreign languages illustrate the difficulties of preserving meaning, formal style, and international standards in political discourse.