Stream Of Consciousness As An Artistic Device For Creating A Psychological Portrait (Based On Nirmal Varma’s Short Stories)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijps-05-10-03Keywords:
Stream of consciousness, interior monologue, psychological portraitAbstract
This article explores the role of stream of consciousness as a literary device in constructing psychological portraits in the short stories of Nirmal Varma. Using “एक शुरुआत” (“The Beginning”), “कुत्ते की मौत” (“The Death of a Dog”), “पहाड़” (“The Mountain”) and “अन्तर” (“Difference”) as primary texts, it analyzes how interior monologue, associative flow, and memory reveal the inner world of the characters. The study draws on William James’s theoretical framework of consciousness, Melvin Friedman’s typology, and Lydia Ginzburg’s literary interpretation. The article demonstrates that the psychological portrait becomes a central artistic tool in modern Hindi prose.
Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the role of the stream of consciousness in Hindi prose and its function in depicting existential and psychological themes.
Downloads
References
James, William. The Principles of Psychology. Vol. 1–2. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1890. – 712 p.
Sinclair, May. “The Novels of Dorothy Richardson” // The Egoist, vol. 5, no. 4, April 1918, pp. 57–59.
Muhiddinova D. Badiiy tafakkur takomili. – T.: Gʻafur Gʻulom nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2015. – 209 b.
Теория литературы. Том IV: Литературный процесс. Москва: ИМЛИ РАН, “Наследие”, 2001. – 625 с.
Baldick, Chris. The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. – 448 p.
Nazarov, B., Rasulov, A. O‘zbek adabiy tanqidchiligi tarixi. Toshkent: Cho‘lpon nomidagi nashriyot-matbaa ijodiy uyi, 2012. – 432 b.
Гинзбург, Лидия. О психологической прозе. Ленинград: Советский писатель, 1971. – 280 с.
Friedman, Melvin J. Stream of Consciousness: A Study in Literary Method. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. – 296 p.
Павлищева, Яна Александровна. «Феномен техники потока сознания в литературе модернизма» // Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики, №12, 2014, С. 71–81.
वर्मा, निर्मल. जलती झाड़ियाँ. नई दिल्ली: राजकमल प्रकाशन, 2024. – 160 पृष्ठ.
Очерки истории литератур Индии (X–XX вв.) / под ред. Цветковой С.О. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та, 2014. 313 c.
Singh, Mahendra. The Rise of Consciousness in Modern Hindi Literature: The Undercurrents of Society and Literature // ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, vol. 5, no. 6, 2024, pp. 295–297.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Shamsikamar F. Tilovmurodova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Individual articles are published Open Access under the Creative Commons Licence: CC-BY 4.0.
