Historical Transformation and Socio-Anthropological Essence of Terrorism

Abstract

This article analyzes the historical formation, developmental stages, and substantive transformation of the phenomenon of terrorism in modern conditions from socio-philosophical and anthropological perspectives. The forms of terrorism that have manifested in different historical periods as a means of political struggle, ideological influence, and social pressure are investigated, and the process of its transformation from traditional forms into a modern phenomenon that has acquired a global and transnational character is revealed. A comparative analysis of scientific approaches to periodizing the history of terrorism is conducted, and their significance in understanding the historical and ideological dynamics of this phenomenon is highlighted. The content of the concepts of “terror” and “terrorism”, the conceptual differences between them, and their scientific and legal interpretations are also analyzed. The necessity of studying modern terrorism as an anthropological phenomenon is substantiated, based on its aspects related to human consciousness, social identity, the value system, the phenomenon of fear, and the social environment. It has been shown that globalization, digital communications, and transnational ties are expanding the sphere of influence of terrorism and complicating the mechanisms of its socio-psychological impact.