Journal of Management and Economics

Reframing Farmer–Herder Conflict in Nigeria: A Multilevel Conceptual Model of Environmental Stress, Institutional Fragility and Social Interaction

Adaeze Janice Erondu — 2026-03-04

Farmer –herder conflict has become one of the most persistent forms of rural insecurity in Nigeria. Although widely studied, existing explanations tend to isolate either environmental pressures, governance failures or identity-based grievances rather than examining how these elements combine to produce conflict. This paper develops a conceptual model that integrates three interacting levels of analysis: environmental stress, institutional fragility and micro-level social interactions. Drawing on regional scholarship from West Africa, the model proposes that conflict emerges when ecological pressures alter resource availability, institutions fail to mediate these pressures effectively, and everyday interactions between farmers and herders become shaped by distrust, boundary violations and competing livelihood claims. The paper argues that farmer–herder conflict is neither a purely ecological outcome nor a purely political one. Instead, it is the product of a dynamic system in which social relations and material conditions continuously shape each other. The conceptual model provides a framework for interpreting current patterns of conflict in Nigeria and offers a foundation for future empirical research and policy design.

The Role and Distinctive Features of Retail Trade in The National Economy

Muxamedova Aziza Ravshanovna — 2026-03-25

This article analyzes the role of retail trade in the national economy and its specific characteristics. It examines the contribution of retail trade to economic development, the provision of the domestic market through the service sector, the satisfaction of consumer needs, and the creation of jobs. The article also discusses opportunities to improve the quality of retail services through the implementation of modern digital technologies and innovative approaches, the classification of services according to various criteria, their material and intangible elements, and compliance with international standards. Based on scientific research and comparative analysis, the study identifies trends in the development of retail trade and its role in the national economy.

Creating Opportunities for Young People to Engage in Sports While Promoting A Healthy Lifestyle in Zamin District

Xazratqulov Azizbek Begmurodovich — 2026-03-23

This study examines strategies for creating opportunities for youth engagement in sports while promoting a healthy lifestyle in Zamin District. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from young people, educators, and community stakeholders to assess participation levels, barriers, and health awareness. Findings reveal strong interest in sports but limited access to facilities, gender disparities, and low awareness of healthy habits. The study highlights the importance of infrastructure development, inclusive programs, and educational initiatives. It concludes that coordinated efforts among schools, communities, and local authorities are essential to foster active lifestyles and improve youth well-being.

Improvement of Investment Strategies of Institutional Investors in The National Capital Market

Kamilova Sevara Anvarovna — 2026-03-19

This article examines modern approaches to improving the investment strategies of institutional investors in the context of the transformation of the national capital market. It analyzes the key factors influencing the effectiveness of investment activities, including macroeconomic instability, the development of financial instruments, and the digitalization of the economy. The study proposes directions for optimizing investment strategies, taking into account portfolio diversification, risk management, and the implementation of innovative technologies.

Resilient Rural Livelihood Pathways: Linking Climate-Resilient Agriculture, Women’s Adaptive Capacity, And Productivity Upgrading in Small Manufacturing Enterprises

Dr. Sofia Mendel Rivera — 2026-03-08

Background: Rural development strategies are increasingly expected to address two pressures at once: climate risk that destabilizes agricultural incomes and productivity constraints that limit off-farm employment growth in small manufacturing enterprises. Climate shocks affect yields, water availability, migration patterns, and household labor allocation, weakening the rural economy’s capacity to accumulate assets and invest in productivity upgrading (Kalra et al., 2007; Reilly, 1995; Hans et al., 2019). At the same time, evidence from manufacturing productivity research suggests that reforms, scale economies, and technology intensity interact with factor productivity trends in ways that can either broaden opportunities for small firms or concentrate gains among better-capitalized enterprises (Ahluwalia, 1991; Das, 2004; Pattnayak & Thangavelu, 2005).

Objective: This study develops a publication-ready, integrative research article that conceptually and analytically connects (i) climate-resilient agriculture and adaptation choices in smallholder systems, (ii) empowerment and capacity-building—especially for women—within adaptation and entrepreneurship, and (iii) productivity improvement mechanisms in small manufacturing enterprises as complementary pillars of sustainable rural development (Agarwal, 2018; Aryal et al., 2020; Korber & McNaughton, 2018).

Methods: Using an interpretive synthesis design, the study triangulates rural climate adaptation literature, resilience and entrepreneurship scholarship, and productivity measurement frameworks, drawing on frontier efficiency approaches and aggregate productivity concepts (Aigner et al., 1977; Battese & Coelli, 1992; OECD, 2001; Del Gatto et al., 2011).

Results: The synthesis identifies convergent mechanisms: (1) risk-reduction and information flows increase households’ willingness to invest; (2) diversified rural employment reduces vulnerability to climate variability; (3) women’s adaptive capacity strengthens community resilience and enterprise learning; and (4) productivity upgrading in small manufacturing depends on capability formation, policy regimes, and local demand linkages with climate-resilient agricultural transitions (Agarwal, 2018; Anand & Romo-Murphy, 2022; Das, 2004; Unni et al., 2001).

Conclusion: Sustainable rural development is most robust when climate-resilient agriculture and small manufacturing productivity strategies are designed as an integrated “livelihood system,” supported by empowerment, communication, and adaptation planning to reduce uncertainty and unlock investment in technology and skills (Gupta & Acharya, 2024; Lee et al., 2014; OECD, 2011).

Improving Accounting and Auditing at Regional Enterprises of The Textile Industry Association

Babakulova Matluba Kurbannazarovna — 2026-03-25

This study examines ways to improve accounting and auditing practices in regional enterprises of the textile industry association. The research focuses on increasing financial transparency, strengthening internal control systems, and ensuring compliance with international accounting and auditing standards. Special attention is given to the role of digital accounting systems, effective audit mechanisms, and the development of professional competencies among accounting staff. The implementation of modern accounting and auditing methods is expected to enhance financial discipline, improve management decision-making, and increase the overall efficiency and competitiveness of regional textile enterprises.

Issues of Increasing Investment Attractiveness in Ensuring the Financial Stability of Regions in Uzbekistan

Sunatullayeva Shakhnoza Xurshid qizi — 2026-03-19

This study examines the role of investment attractiveness in ensuring the financial stability of regions in Uzbekistan. It analyzes the country’s recent economic reforms, investment dynamics, and key factors influencing regional investment climate. Using statistical and institutional analysis, the study identifies challenges such as infrastructure gaps, bureaucratic barriers, and financial market limitations. The findings show that ongoing reforms, increasing foreign investment inflows, and macroeconomic stabilization contribute positively to regional financial stability. Policy recommendations are proposed to further enhance investment attractiveness across regions of Uzbekistan.

Implementation of ESG Management in Joint-Stock Companies of Uzbekistan

Tursunkhodjayeva Shirin — 2026-03-19

This article examines the importance, challenges, and prospects of implementing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management in joint-stock companies of Uzbekistan. In the context of increasing global integration and sustainable development requirements, ESG principles are becoming a critical component of corporate governance. The study analyzes the current state of ESG adoption in Uzbekistan, identifies institutional and economic barriers, and proposes practical recommendations for effective integration of ESG frameworks into corporate management systems. The findings suggest that ESG implementation can enhance investment attractiveness, improve risk management, and ensure long-term sustainability of companies.