Occupational and Economic Influences on Household Consumption Patterns

2026-09-03T07:37:19+00:00

Household consumption patterns reflect the interaction of income, employment conditions, occupational structure, socioeconomic inequality, access to resources, and institutional environments. This research examines how occupational and economic characteristics shape household consumption behaviour, with particular attention to evidence concerning India and Odisha. The study adopts a structured qualitative review methodology based exclusively on the provided literature, including national consumption expenditure evidence, state-level socioeconomic reports, research on informal workers, energy-poor households, migration, rural institutions, and food security. The analysis develops an integrated conceptual framework connecting occupational characteristics with income security, resource access, expenditure priorities, and consumption inequality. The reviewed evidence indicates that consumption cannot be adequately explained by income alone. Occupational stability, informality, social inequality, energy access, migration, and institutional conditions influence both the level and composition of household expenditure. The findings further suggest that vulnerable households tend to face constrained consumption choices, while differences in employment security and economic capacity contribute to heterogeneous consumption outcomes. The study contributes a multidimensional perspective on household consumption by integrating occupational and socioeconomic determinants rather than treating expenditure as an isolated economic outcome. Its implications are relevant to social protection, employment policy, food security, energy access, and regional development planning.

Sustainable Investment Portfolio of Institutional Investors: Systematic Literature Review

2026-09-19T02:03:21+00:00

Sustainable investment has moved from a niche ethical practice to a systemic feature of global capital markets, yet the literature remains fragmented across investor types and divided between portfolio-formation mechanisms and portfolio-evaluation criteria. This article addresses that gap by synthesizing the theoretical, empirical, and regulatory literature into a single integrated framework covering all major classes of institutional investor: banks, pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), and mutual and hedge funds. Using a PRISMA-style systematic literature review of 38 core sources drawn from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, NBER, IMF, BIS, SSRN, and UN PRI repositories, the study maps how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations are operationalized at the formation stage (screening, integration, engagement, thematic allocation, green-bond allocation, ESG risk overlays) and how outcomes are assessed at the evaluation stage (risk-adjusted return metrics, non-financial KPIs, and blended impact metrics). The article concludes with five policy recommendations and five-point research agenda and situates emerging markets including Uzbekistan within the global landscape.

Journal of Management and Economics

Occupational and Economic Influences on Household Consumption Patterns

Sustainable Investment Portfolio of Institutional Investors: Systematic Literature Review