European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies

Review: Theory of Thermoluminescence & Related by Reuven Chen (Author), Stephen W S Mckeever

Hayder. K. Obayes — Sun, 20 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Thermoluminescence is a phenomenon observed in some materials when they are exposed to ionizing radiation and subsequently heated, thereby releasing light energy, as a result of the transition of electrons trapped at or near defect centers from metastable states to the conduction band. Thereafter, the relaxed electrons recombine with hole vacancies in defect centers associated with an allowed energy gap between the conduction band and the defect center. The light emitted is of varying magnitudes at different temperatures as some deep trap metastable levels are sequentially filled, emptied and emptied again during the heating process. The sequence of detrapping and recombination topography is a function of trap depth and energy gap size. The presence of trap levels within the forbidden energy gap of insulators or semiconductors, are associated with defect centers which arise from impurity ions or vacancies, whether stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric. The TL response has been used to investigate the nature of defect centers and therefore defect center chemistry in a wide variety of materials including those used as insulators in semiconductor and electronic devices, luminescent materials, phosphors, dosimeters, catalysts, thermoelectric materials, pigments, high-temperature superconductors and phase change materials.

The Electric Vehicle Transition: Assessing its Impact on Thai Automotive Parts SMEs

Dr. Ananya Chokkanapitak, Dr. Waraporn Wonglimpiyarat — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of the global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) operating within Thailand's automotive parts industry. As a significant automotive manufacturing hub, Thailand faces both opportunities and challenges in adapting to this paradigm shift from traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews with key stakeholders from automotive parts SMEs, industry associations, and government bodies to explore their awareness, perceived challenges, adaptation strategies, and opportunities arising from the EV transition. The findings reveal that while many SMEs recognize the inevitability of the shift, they face significant hurdles related to technological obsolescence, the need for substantial investment in new production capabilities, skill gaps in their workforce, and intense competition. Conversely, opportunities exist in developing new EV-specific components, leveraging government incentives, and forming strategic partnerships. This study underscores the critical need for targeted policy support, capacity building, and collaborative initiatives to enable Thai automotive parts SMEs to successfully navigate the EV transition, ensuring their sustained competitiveness and contribution to the national economy.